Class 15

Class 15

Translation Assignment

Please do a word-by-word grammatical analysis and translation of the following paragraphs.

1. AN5.29 caṅkama-suttaṃ (paragraph 29)

"pañcime (pañca + ime), bhikkhave, caṅkame ānisaṃsā. katame pañca? addhānakkhamo (addhānassa + khamo) hoti, padhānakkhamo (padhānassa + khamo) hoti, appābādho (appo + ābādho) hoti, asitaṃ pītaṃ khāyitaṃ sāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, caṅkamādhigato (caṅkamena + adhigato) samādhi ciraṭṭhitiko hoti. ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca caṅkame ānisaṃsā"ti.

"pañcime, bhikkhave, caṅkame ānisaṃsā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English	Root
pañca-	card	x.nom.pl	five
ime	pron	masc.nom.pl	these
bhikkhave	noun	masc.voc.pl	o monks!	√bhikkh･1 a (beg)
caṅkame	noun	masc.loc.sg	in walking meditation; on walking up and down (lit: in regard to walking meditation)	√kam･1 a (go)
ānisaṃsā	noun	masc.nom.pl	profits; merits; good results, benefits	√saṃs･1 a (proclaim, praise)

"Monks, [there are] these five benefits of walking meditation.

katame pañca?
katame	pron	masc.nom.pl	which; what; which of the many
pañca?	card	x.nom.pl	five

Which five?

addhānakkhamo hoti, padhānakkhamo hoti, appābādho hoti, asitaṃ pītaṃ khāyitaṃ sāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, caṅkamādhigato samādhi ciraṭṭhitiko hoti.

addhāna-	noun	nt	of a long path, time, or journey
khamo	adj	masc.nom.sg (+gen)	patient, enduring, bearing	√kham･1 a (tolerate, endure)
hoti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	he is	√hū･1 a (be)

he is able to endure a journey,

padhāna-	noun	nt	exertion, energetic effort, striving,
khamo	adj	masc.nom.sg (+gen)	enduring; patient, bearing
hoti,	verb	pr.3rd.sg	he is	√hū･1 a (be)

he is capable of striving,

appa-	adj		not many
ābādho	noun	masc.nom.sg	affliction, illness, disease	√bādh･1 a (press, oppress)
hoti	v	pr.3rd.sg	he is	√hū･1 a (be)

he is healthy (lit: of not many illnesses)

asitaṃ	pp	nt.acc.sg	what has been eaten	√as･1 a (eat)
pītaṃ	pp	nt.acc.sg	what has been drunk	√pā･1 a (drink)
khāyitaṃ	pp	nt.acc.sg	what has been chewed	√khād･1 a (chew)
sāyitaṃ	pp	nt.acc.sg	what has been tasted	√sāy･1 a (taste)
sammā	ind	adv	properly; rightly; thoroughly
pariṇāmaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	digestion
gacchati,	v	pr.3rd.sg	he gets; lit. goes; moves	√gam･1 a (go)

what has been eaten, drunk, chewed, [and] tasted [is] gets digested thoroughly.

caṅkama-	noun	masc.	walking meditation; walking up and down	√kam･1 a (go)
adhigato	pp	masc.nom.sg	attained; obtained; understood.	√gam･1 a (go)
samādhi	noun	masc.nom.sg	concentration, stability of mind, unity	√dhā･1 a (place, support)
ciraṭṭhitiko	adj	masc.nom.sg	long-lasting; perpetual (lit: long-standing)
hoti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	is	√hū･1 a (be)

The stability of mind attained from walking meditation is long-lasting.

ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca caṅkame ānisaṃsā"ti.

ime	pron	masc.nom.pl	these
kho,	ind	emph	indeed
bhikkhave,	noun	masc.voc.pl	o monks!	√bhikkh･1 a (beg)
pañca	card	x.nom.pl	five
caṅkame	noun	masc.loc.sg	in walking meditation (in regard to…)	√kam･1 a (go)
ānisaṃsā	n	m.n.pl	profits; merits; good results, benefits	√saṃs･1 a (proclaim, praise)
"ti	ind	endquote	""

Monks, these [are], indeed, the five benefits of walking meditation."

2. AN3.4 accaya-suttaṃ (paragraph 4)

"tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. katamehi tīhi? accayaṃ accayato na passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathā-dhammaṃ nappaṭikaroti (na + paṭikaroti), parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhāti (na + paṭiggaṇhāti). imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.

"tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.

tīhi	card	masc.instr.pl	with three
bhikkhave,	noun	masc.voc.pl	o monks!	√bhikkh･1 a (beg)
dhammehi	noun	masc.instr.pl	with qualities	√dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure)
samannāgato	adj	masc.nom.sg (+instr)	endowed with; possessed of; possessing	√gam･1 a (go)
bālo	noun	masc.nom.sg	fool
veditabbo	ptp	masc.noun.sg	should be known	√vid･8 *e (know, sense, feel)

Monks, one endowed with three qualities should be known as a fool.

katamehi tīhi?
katamehi	pron	masc.instr.pl	with what; with which (of the many)
tīhi	card	masc.instr.pl	with three

With which three?

accayaṃ accayato na passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathā-dhammaṃ nappaṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhāti.

accayaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	fault	√i･1 a (come, go)
accayato	noun	masc.abl.sg	as fault	√i･1 a (come, go)
na	ind	neg	not
passati	verb	pr.3rd.sg	he sees	√dis･1 a (see)

He does not see a fault as a fault.

accayaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	fault	√i･1 a (come, go)
accayato	noun	masc.abl.sg	as fault	√i･1 a (come, go)
disvā	verb	abs	having seen; having found; having understood	√dis･1 a (see)
yathā-	ind	adv	as; according to
dhammaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	doctrine, teaching	√dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure)
na-	ind	neg	not
paṭikaroti,	verb	pr.3rd.sg (+acc)	redress, fix, make amends	√kar･7 o (do, make)

Having understood a fault as a fault, he does not redress it in accordance with the Doctrine.

parassa	pron	masc.gen.sg (gen abs)	when another
kho	ind	ind	indeed
pana	ind	ind	and now, but, and next
accayaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	fault	√i･1 a (come, go)
desentassa	prp	masc.gen.sg (gen abs)	when pointing out; preaching; expounding	√dis･1 *e (point out, explain)
yathā-	ind	adv	as; like; in relation to; according to
dhammaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	doctrine, teaching	√dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure)
na-	ind	neg	not
paṭiggaṇhāti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	takes; receives; accepts	pati + √gah･6 ṇhā (grasp)

Indeed, when another person is pointing out a fault, he does not accept [it] in accordance with the Doctrine.

imehi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.

imehi	pron	masc.instr.pl	with these
kho,	ind	emph	indeed; certainly

Certainly, monks, one possessing these three qualities should be known as a fool.

3. AN5.198 vācā-suttaṃ (paragraph 198)

"pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūnaṃ. katamehi pañcahi? kālena ca bhāsitā hoti, saccā ca bhāsitā hoti, saṇhā ca bhāsitā hoti, attha-saṃhitā ca bhāsitā hoti, metta-cittena ca bhāsitā hoti. imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūnan"ti.

"pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūnaṃ.

pañcahi	card	x.instr.pl	with five
bhikkhave	noun	masc.voc.pl	o monks!	√bhikkh･1 a (beg)
aṅgehi	noun	nt.instr.pl	with parts, factors; qualities	√añj･8 *e (distinguish)
samannāgatā	adj	fem.nom.sg	endowed with; possessed of, followed by	√gam･1 a (go)
vācā	noun	fem.nom.sg	speech; saying, statement	√vac･1 a (say, speak)
subhāsitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	well-spoken, eloquent	√bhās･1 a (speak)
hoti,	verb	pr.3rd.sg	it is	√hū･1 a (be)
no	ind	neg	not
dubbhāsitā,	adj	fem.nom.sg	ill-spoken, badly spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
anavajjā	adj(\<ptp)	fem.nom.sg	faultless; blameless; irreproachable	√vad･1 a (say, speak)
ca	ind	conj	and
ananuvajjā	adj, (\<ptp)	fem.nom.sg	not to be blamed, not censurable, not blameworthy	√vad･1 a (say, speak)
ca	ind	conj	and
viññūnaṃ.	noun	masc.gen.pl	of wise people	√ñā･5 nā (know)

Monks, speech endowed with five factors is well-spoken and not ill-spoken; it is unblameable and not censurable by wise people.

katamehi pañcahi?
katamehi	pron	masc.instr.pl	with what; with which (of the many)
pañcahi?	card	x.instr.pl	with five

With which five?

kālena ca bhāsitā hoti, saccā ca bhāsitā hoti, saṇhā ca bhāsitā hoti, attha-saṃhitā ca bhāsitā hoti, metta-cittena ca bhāsitā hoti.

kālena	ind	adv	at the proper time; at the right moment.	√kal×8 *e (spend time)
ca	ind	conj	and
bhāsitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	said; spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
hoti,	v	pr.3rd.sg	it is	√hū･1 a (be)
saccā	adj	fem.nom.sg	true; reliable; honest	√as･1 a (be)
ca	ind	conj	and
bhāsitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	said; spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
hoti,	v	pr.3rd.sg	it is	√hū･1 a (be)
saṇhā	adj	fem.nom.sg	smooth; soft; gentle
ca	ind	conj	and
bhāsitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	said; spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
hoti,	verb	pr.3rd.sg	it is	√hū･1 a (be)
attha-	noun	masc. (in comp)	good; welfare; prosperity, profit, benefit; goal
saṃhitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	connected with, having (lit: connected with the goal)	√dhā･1 a (place, support)
ca	ind	conj	and
bhāsitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	said; spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
hoti,	verb	pr.3rd.sg	it is	√hū･1 a (be)
metta-	adj	masc (in comp)	friendly, benevolent, kind	√mitt･1 a (be friendly)
cittena	noun	masc.instr.sg	with mind	√cit･8 *e (think, intend)
ca	ind	conj	and
bhāsitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	said; spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
hoti.	v	pr.3rd.sg	it is	√hū･1 a (be)

It is (speech) spoken at the proper time, it is spoken truthfully, it is spoken gently, it is spoken beneficially, it is spoken with a friendly mind.

imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūnan"ti.

imehi	pron	masc.instr.pl	with these
kho	ind	emph	indeed
bhikkhave	noun	masc.voc.pl	o monks!	√bhikkh･1 a (beg)
pañcahi	card	x.instr.pl	with five
aṅgehi	nom	masc.instr.pl	qualities	√añj･8 *e (distinguish)
samannāgatā	adj	fem.nom.sg	endowed with
vācā	noun	fem.nom.sg	speech	√vac･1 a (say, speak)
subhāsitā	pp	fem.nom.sg	well-spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
hoti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	is	√hū･1 a (be)
no	ind	neg	not
dubbhāsitā	adj	fem.nom.sg	ill-spoken, badly spoken	√bhās･1 a (speak)
anavajjā	adj (\<ptp)	fem.nom.sg	faultless; blameless; irreproachable	√vad･8 *e (salute, praise)
ca	ind	conj	and
ananuvajjā	adj, (\<ptp)	fem.nom.sg	not to be blamed, not censurable, not blameworthy	√vad･8 *e (salute, praise)
ca	ind	conj	and
viññūnan"ti	noun	masc.gen.pl	of wise people	√ñā･5 nā (know)

Indeed, monks, speech endowed with these five qualities is well-spoken and not ill-spoken; it is unblameable and not censurable by wise people.

4. SN12.15 kaccānagotta-suttaṃ

"‘sammādiṭṭhi sammādiṭṭhī'ti, bhante, vuccati. kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sammādiṭṭhi hotī"ti?

"dvayanissito kho ayaṃ, kaccāna, loko yebhuyyena — atthitaṃ ca eva n'atthitaṃ ca. lokasamudayaṃ kho, kaccāna, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passato yā loke n'atthitā sā na hoti. lokanirodhaṃ kho, kaccāna, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passato yā loke atthitā sā na hoti. upayupādānābhinivesavinibandho kho ayaṃ, kaccāna, loko yebhuyyena. taṃ ca ayaṃ upayupādānaṃ cetaso adhiṭṭhānaṃ abhinives'ānusayaṃ na upeti na upādiyati n'ādhiṭṭhāti — ‘attā me'ti. ‘dukkhaṃ eva uppajjamānaṃ uppajjati, dukkhaṃ nirujjhamānaṃ nirujjhatī'ti na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati aparapaccayā ñāṇaṃ eva assa ettha hoti. ettāvatā kho, kaccāna, sammādiṭṭhi hoti.

"‘sabbaṃ atthī'ti kho, kaccāna, ayaṃ eko anto. ‘sabbaṃ n'atthī'ti ayaṃ dutiyo anto. ete te, kaccāna, ubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathāgato dhammaṃ deseti.

"‘sammādiṭṭhi sammādiṭṭhī'ti, bhante, vuccati. kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sammādiṭṭhi hotī"ti?

sammādiṭṭhi	noun	fem.nom.sg	right view
sammādiṭṭhī'ti	noun	fem.nom.sg +endquote	right view"
bhante	noun	masc.voc.sg	venerable sir	√bhad×1 a (be good, lucky)
vuccati	verb.pass	pr.3rd.sg	is called; is said to be	√vac･1 ya (say, speak)
kittāvatā	ind	adv+interr	in what way
nu	ind	interr	?
kho	ind	emph	indeed; truly
bhante	noun	masc.voc.sg	venerable sir	√bhad×1 a (be good, lucky)
sammādiṭṭhi	noun	fem.nom.sg	right view
hoti"ti	verb	pr.3rd.sg + endquote	there is	√hū･1 a (be)

Venerable sir, it is said, "right view, right view." In what way, venerable sir, is there truly "right view?"

"dvayanissito kho ayaṃ, kaccāna, loko yebhuyyena — atthitaṃ ca eva n'atthitaṃ ca.

dvayanissito	adj	masc.nom.sg	dependent on two things; dependent on a duality
kho	ind	emph	indeed
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
kaccāna	noun	masc.voc.sg	Kaccāna
loko	noun	masc.nom.sg	world	√lok･8 *e (look)
yebhuyyena	ind	adv (of means)	mostly; generally; for the most part
atthitaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	the idea of existence
ca	ind	conj	and
eva	ind	ind	also
n'atthitaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	the idea of non-existence (lit: there is not state)
ca	ind	conj	and

This world, Kaccāna, for the most part [is] dependent on a duality–on the idea of existence as well as the ideal of non-existence.

lokasamudayaṃ kho, kaccāna, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passato yā loke n'atthitā sā na hoti.

lokasamudayaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	the source of the world
kho	ind	emph	but; certainly
kaccāna	noun	masc.voc.sg	Kaccāna
yathābhūtaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	as it truly is; in reality (lit: like become)
sammappaññāya	noun	fem.dat.sg	with correct understanding; with perfect wisdom
passato	prp	masc.dat.sg	to/for one seeing	√dis･1 a (see)
yā	pron	fem.nom.sg	which
loke	noun	masc.loc.sg	in regard to the world	√lok･8 *e (look)
n'atthitā	noun	fem.nom.sg	idea of non-existence
sā	pron	fem.nom.sg	that
na	ind	neg	not
hoti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	there is	√hū･1 a (be)

Certainly, for one seeing the source of the world as it truly is with correct understanding there is not that idea of non-existence in regard to the world.

lokanirodhaṃ kho, kaccāna, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passato yā loke atthitā sā na hoti.

lokanirodhaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	the cessation of the world
kho	ind	emph	indeed
kaccāna	noun	masc.voc.sg	Kaccāna
yathābhūtaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	as it really is
sammappaññāya	noun	fem.dat.sg	with perfect wisdom; with correct understanding
passato	prp	masc.dat.sg	for one seeing	√dis･1 a (see)
yā	pron	fem.nom.sg	which
loke	noun	masc.loc.sg	in regard to the world	√lok･8 *e (look)
atthitā	noun	fem.nom.sg	idea of existence
sā	pron	fem.nom.sg	that
na	ind	neg	not
hoti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	there is	√hū･1 a (be)

Indeed, for one seeing the cessation of the world as it really is with perfect wisdom, there is not that idea of existence in regard to the world.

upayupādānābhinivesavinibandho kho ayaṃ, kaccāna, loko yebhuyyena.

upayupādānābhinivesavinibandho	adj	masc.nom.sg	attached to engaging, grasping, and clinging
kho	ind	emph	certainly
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
kaccāna	noun	masc.voc.sg	Kaccāna
loko	noun	masc.nom.sg	the world	√lok･8 *e (look)
yebhuyyena	ind	adv	generally; for the most part

Certainly, Kaccāna, this world is for the most part attached to engaging, grasping, and clinging.

taṃ ca ayaṃ upayupādānaṃ cetaso adhiṭṭhānaṃ abhinives'ānusayaṃ na upeti na upādiyati n'ādhiṭṭhāti — ‘attā me'ti.

taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
ca	ind	ind	but
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this (person)
upayupādānaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	engaging/engagement and grasping
cetaso	noun	masc.gen.sg	of the mind
adhiṭṭhānaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	standpoint; prejudice; bias; preconception
abhinives'ānusayaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	adherence and underlying tendency
na	ind	neg	not
upeti	verb	pr.3rd.sg (+acc)	engage in; get involved with	upa +√i･1 a (come, go)
na	ind	neg	not
upādiyati	verb	pr.3rd.sg (+acc)	grasp; cling to	√ādā･3 ya (take, seize)
n'ādhiṭṭhāti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	does not take a stand	√ṭhā･1 a (stand)
attā	noun	masc.nom.sg	self
me'ti	pron	1st.gen.sg +endquote	my"

But this (person) does not grasp, does not get involved, with engagement and grasping, mental standpoint, adherence and underlying tendency, he does not take a stand "(this is) my self."

‘dukkhaṃ eva uppajjamānaṃ uppajjati, dukkhaṃ nirujjhamānaṃ nirujjhatī'ti na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati aparapaccayā ñāṇaṃ eva assa ettha hoti.

dukkhaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	suffering	√cit･8 *e (think, intend)
eva	ind	emph	only
uppajjamānaṃ	prp	nt.nom.sg	arising	√pad･3 ya (go, step)
uppajjati	verb	pr.3rd.sg	arises	√pad･3 ya (go, step)
dukkhaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	suffering
nirujjhamānaṃ	prp	nt.nom.sg	ceasing	√rudh･2 ya (obstruct)
nirujjhatī'ti	verb	pr.3rd.sg +endquote	ceases	√rudh･2 ya (obstruct)

Arise is only arising suffering, cease is (only) ceasing suffering.

na	ind	neg	not; no
kaṅkhati	verb	pr.3rd.sg +loc	has uncertainty	√kaṅkh･1 a (doubt)
na	ind	neg	not; no
vicikicchati	verb	pr.3rd.sg +loc	has doubt	√cit･8 cha (think, intend)
aparapaccayā	ind	adv	not relying on another; independent of others
ñāṇaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	knowledge
eva	ind	emph	just; only; exclusively
assa	pron	masc.dat.sg	for him
ettha	ind	adv	in this case
hoti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	there is	√hū･1 a (be)

He has no uncertainty, he has no doubt. He has knowledge in this case exclusively independent of others.

ettāvatā kho, kaccāna, sammādiṭṭhi hoti.

ettāvatā	ind	adv	to this extent
kho	ind	emph	indeed; truly
kaccāna	noun	masc.voc.sg	Kaccāna
sammādiṭṭhi	noun	fem.nom.sg	right view
hoti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	there is	√hū･1 a (be)

Truly, Kaccāna, to this extent there is right view.

"‘sabbaṃ atthī'ti kho, kaccāna, ayaṃ eko anto.

sabbaṃ	pron	nt.nom.sg	all, everything
atthī'ti	verb	pr.3rd.sg +endquote	there is; there exists"	√as･1 a (be)
kho	ind	emph	truly (not translated)
kaccāna	noun	masc.voc.sg	Kaccāna
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
eko	card	masc.nom.sg	one
anto	noun	masc.nom.sg	extreme, end

"Everything exists," Kaccāna: this is one extreme.

‘sabbaṃ n'atthī'ti ayaṃ dutiyo anto.

sabbaṃ	pron	nt.nom.sg	all, everything
n'atthī'ti	verb	pr.3rd.sg +neg +endquote	there is not; it does not exist	√as･1 a (be)
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
dutiyo	ordin	masc.nom.sg	the second
anto	noun	masc.nom.sg	extreme, end

"Everything does not exist": this is the second extreme.

ete te, kaccāna, ubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathāgato dhammaṃ deseti.

ete	pron	masc.acc.pl	these
te	pron	masc.acc.pl	them; those
kaccāna	noun	masc.voc.sg	Kaccāna
ubho	pron	masc.acc.pl	both
ante	noun	masc.acc.pl	extremes
anupagamma	verb	ger (+acc)	avoiding; not adopting	√gam･1 a (go)
majjhena	adj	masc.instr.sg	by means of the middle
tathāgato	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Tathāgata (the Thus- Gone; Such Become)	√dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure)
dhammaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	the doctrine
deseti	verb	pr.3rd.sg	teaches	√dis･1 *e (point out, explain)

Avoiding both these extremes, Kaccāna, the Tathāgata teaches the doctrine by means of the middle.