Class 19 Key to Exercises
Class 19 Key to Exercises¶
Dis-join the samāsa
| kunnadī | ku + nadī |
| appamatta | na + pamatta |
| abhirūpa | abhi + rūpa |
| yānīkata | yāna + kata |
| kummagga | ku + magga |
| amissībhāva | na + missa + bhāva |
| abbhatīta | abhi + atīta |
| anelagala | na + eḷagala |
| abhivādanasīlī | abhivādanā + sīlī |
| dubbalīkaraṇa | dubbala + karaṇa |
| mattisambhava | mātar + sambhava |
| duvidhena | dvi + vidhena |
| chaḷaṅga | cha + aṅga |
Join the following words in suitable ways
| ku + sobbha | kusobbha |
| aṭṭhaṃ + katvā | aṭṭhiṃkatvā |
| ku + sobbha | kusubbha |
| adhi + matta | adhimatta |
| abhi + attha | abbhattha |
| adhi + sīla | adhisīla |
| na + sakkāra | asakkāra |
| sammukhā + bhūta | sammukhībhūta |
| viññū + garahita | viññugarahita |
| dāsī + dāsa | dāsidāsa |
| pathavī + sita | pathavissita |
| dīgha + ratti | dīgharatta |
| pitar + visaya | pettivisaya |
| dvi + dasa | dvādasa |
| catu + āsīti | caturāsīti |
| cha + pañca | chappañca |
Key to Exercises
Break up all the sandhis and compounds in the following sentences. Underneath the translation, demonstrate how each compound is formed and name the type of compound.
- DN2.19
seyyathā'pi, mahārāja, puriso iṇaṃ ādāya kamm'ante payojeyya. tassa te kamm'antā samijjheyyuṃ.
| seyyathā'pi | sandhi | just like; as if; imagine if | ||
| #se (taṃ) | pron | nt.nom.sg | it; that | |
| #yathā | ind | adv | as | |
| #api | ind | just | ||
| mahārāja | noun | masc.voc.sg | o great king! | kammadhāraya |
| #mahanta | adj | masc | great | |
| #rāja | noun | masc.voc.sg | king | √rāj･1 a (rule, shine) |
| puriso | noun | masc.nom.sg | a person | |
| iṇaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | a loan | |
| ādāya | verb | ger | taking | √ādā･3 ya (take, seize) |
| kamm'ante | noun | masc.acc.pl | work; business activity | chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #kammassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of the action; deed | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| #ante | noun | masc.acc.pl | the end(s); the conclusions | |
| payojeyya | verb | opt.3rd.sg | he would engage in (acc) | √yuj･2 *e (yoke, join) |
| tassa | pron | masc.gen.sg | his | |
| te | pron | masc.nom.pl | these | |
| kamm'antā | noun | masc.nom.pl | business activities | chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #kammassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of the action; deed | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| #antā | noun | masc.nom.pl | the ends; the goals | |
| samijjheyyuṃ | verb | opt.3rd.pl | they would achieve; succeed | saṃ√idh･3 ya (succeed) |
Imagine if, o great king, a man taking [out] a loan would engage in work. (And) these his business activities would succeed.
- MN48
cha'y'ime, bhikkhave, dhammā sāraṇīyā piyakaraṇā garukaraṇā saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattanti.
| cha'y'ime | sandhi | these six | ||
| #cha | card | x.nom.pl | six | |
| #ime | pron | masc.nom.pl | these | |
| bhikkhave | noun | masc.voc.pl | monks | √bhikkh･1 a (beg) |
| dhammā | noun | masc.nom.pl | principles | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| sāraṇīyā2 | adj | masc.nom.pl | polite; pleasant; charming (lit: to be desired) | |
| piyakaraṇā | adj | masc.nom.pl | which create affection | dutiyā tappurisa |
| #piyaṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | dear; affection | √pī･5 nā (love, please) |
| #karaṇā | adj | masc.nom.pl | causing; making | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| garukaraṇā | adj | masc.nom.pl | creating respect | dutiyā tappurisa |
| #garuṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | respect | √gar×1 a (esteem) |
| #karaṇā | adj | masc.nom.pl | creating; making | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| saṅgahāya | noun | masc.dat.sg | for maintaining relationships | √gah･6 ṇhā (grasp) |
| avivādāya | adj | masc.dat.sg | not quarrelling; harmony | kammadhāraya |
| #na | prefix | not | ||
| #vivādāya | noun | masc.dat.sg | dispute; quarrel | |
| sāmaggiyā | adj | fem.dat.sg | for concord; unity; peace; harmony | |
| ekībhāvāya | noun | masc.dat.sg | for unity; harmony; lit. one state | digu (numerical compound) |
| #eka > ekī | card | masc. | one | |
| #bhāvāya | noun | masc.dat.sg | for the state | √bhū･1 a (be, become) |
| saṃvattanti | verb | pr.3rd.pl (+dat) | lead to; are conducive for | √vatt･1 a (be, proceed) |
There are these six principles of cordiality3, monks, creating affection and respect, for maintaining relationships lead to, non-dispute, concord and unity.
- AN3.24
puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭh'eva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati
| puggalo | noun | masc.nom.sg | a person; an individual | |
| āsavānaṃ | noun | nt.gen.pl | of the effluents; of the taints | √su･1 a (flow) |
| khayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from the wearing away | √khī･1 a ( exhaust) |
| anāsavaṃ | adj | fem.acc.sg | free from the effluents; taints | kammadhāraya |
| #na | ind | neg | not; without | |
| #āsavaṃ | adj | fem.acc.sg | effluents; taints | √su･1 a (flow) |
| cetovimuttiṃ | noun | fem.acc.sg | liberation of the mind | kammadhāraya |
| #ceto | noun | masc. | the mind | √cit･8 *e (think, intend) |
| #vimuttiṃ | noun | fem.acc.sg | liberation; release | √muc･2 ṃa (release, free) |
| paññāvimuttiṃ | noun | fem.acc.sg | liberation by wisdom | tatiyā tappurisa |
| #paññāya | noun | fem.instr.sg | by wisdom | √ñā･5 nā (know) |
| #vimuttiṃ | noun | fem.acc.sg | liberation | √muc･2 ṃa (release, free) |
| diṭṭh'eva dhamme | idiom | in this life; in the present | ||
| diṭṭh'eva | sandhi | even in what is seen | ||
| #diṭṭhe | pp | masc.loc.sg | seen | √dis･1 a (see) |
| #eva | ind | emph | even | |
| dhamme | noun | masc.loc.sg | things | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| sayaṃ | ind | adv | by himself | |
| abhiññā | verb | ger | directly knowing | √ñā･5 nā (know) |
| sacchikatvā | verb | abs | having personally experienced | |
| #sacchi | adj | personal; lit. with eyes | ||
| #katvā | verb | abs | having made; having done | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| upasampajja | verb | ger | reaching; attaining | √pad･3 ya (go, step) |
| viharati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he dwells | √har･1 a (live) |
With the exhaustion of the taints, an individual, having personally experienced in this life directly knowing by himself the liberation of the mind without taints, liberation by wisdom, dwells having reached [this state].
- SN12.22
alam'eva saddhāpabbajitena kulaputtena vīriyaṃ ārabhituṃ
| alam'eva | sandhi | it is enough (+inf) | ||
| #alaṃ | ind | emph | enough | |
| #eva | ind | emph | just | |
| saddhāpabbajitena | adj | masc.instr.sg | by one who ordained out of confidence | tatiyā tappurisa |
| #saddhāya | noun | fem.instr.sg | by means of confidence | √dhā･1 a (place, support) |
| #pabbajitena | pp | masc.instr.sg | by one who ordained | √vaj･1 a (go on) |
| kulaputtena | noun | masc.instr.sg | by the son of a good family | chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #kulassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of a good family | √kul･1 a (be close) |
| #puttena | noun | masc.instr.sg | by the son | |
| vīriyaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | effort; energy | √vīr×8 *e (be heroic, hostile) |
| ārabhituṃ | verb | inf | to begin; to start; to undertake | √rabh 1 a (to begin) |
It is quite enough for a respectable young man who ordained out of confidence to undertake the effort. (lit: it is enough to undertake the effort by a respectable young man…)
- AN10.58
sat'ādhipateyyā sabbe dhammā, paññ'uttarā sabbe dhammā, vimuttisārā sabbe dhammā, amat'ogadhā sabbe dhammā, nibbānapariyosānā sabbe dhammā'ti
| sat'ādhipateyyā | adj | masc.nom.pl | ruled by mindfulness | kammadhāraya4 |
| #sati [eva] | noun | fem. | mindfulness [just] | √sar･1 a (remember) |
| #ādhipateyyā | adj | masc.nom.pl | authority; influence; power | √pat×3 ya (command) |
| sabbe | pron | masc.nom.pl | all | |
| dhammā | noun | masc.nom.pl | things | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| paññ'uttarā | adj | masc.nom.pl | with wisdom as chief characteristic | kammadhāraya |
| #paññā [eva] | noun | fem.nom.pl | wisdom [just] | √ñā･5 nā (know) |
| #uttarā | noun | masc.nom.pl | higher; superior | |
| sabbe | pron | masc.nom.pl | all | |
| dhammā | noun | masc.nom.pl | things | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| vimuttisārā | adj | masc.nom.pl | centered in liberation (lit: have liberation as essence or core) | kammadhāraya5 |
| #vimutti [eva] | noun | fem.nom.pl | liberation [just] | √muc･2 ṃa (release, free) |
| #sārā | noun | masc.nom.pl | essence; substance | √sar･1 a (go, flow) |
| amat'ogadhā | adj | masc.nom.pl | flowing into the deathless | sattamī tappurisa |
| #amatasmiṃ | noun | nt.loc.sg | into the deathless | |
| #ogadhā | pp | masc.nom.pl | immersed in; plunged into6 | ava√gāh･1 a (dive, plunge) |
| sabbe | pron | masc.nom.pl | all | |
| dhammā | noun | masc.nom.pl | things | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| nibbānapariyosānā | adj | masc.nom.pl | culminating in Nibbāna; (or) having Nibbāna as conclusion | sattamī tappurisa or kammadhāraya |
| #nibbāne | noun | nt.loc.sg | in extinguishment | |
| #pariyosānā | noun | nt.nom.pl | conclusion; culmination | |
| sabbe | pron | masc.nom.pl | all | |
| dhammā'ti | sandhi | "...things" | ||
| #dhammā | noun | masc.nom.pl | things | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #ti | ind | quotation mark | "" |
"All things are governed by mindfulness, all things have understanding as (their) highest, all things have liberation as [their] core, all things are plunged into the deathless, all things are culminating in extinguishment."7
- SN55.31
ayaṃ paṭhamo puññ'ābhisando kusal'ābhisando sukhass'āhāro.
| ayaṃ | pron | masc.nom.sg | this | |
| paṭhamo | ordin | masc.nom.sg | first | √ṭhā･1 a (stand) |
| puññ'ābhisando | noun | masc.nom.sg | outflow of merit | chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #puññassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of merit | √puṇ×1 a (be skilful, precise) |
| #abhisando | noun | masc.nom.sg | result; outcome; outflow | √sand･1 a (flow) |
| kusal'ābhisando | noun | masc.nom.sg | outflow of wholesome | chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #kusalassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of good; wholesome | |
| #abhisando | noun | masc.nom.sg | result; outcome; outflow | √sand･1 a (flow) |
| sukhass'āhāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | cause for comfort; support for ease | alutta catutthī tappurisa8 |
| #sukhassa | noun | nt.dat.sg | for ease; for comfort | √sukh･1 a (please) |
| #āhāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | food; nutriment | √har･1 a (take, seize) |
This is the first outflow of merit, [the first] outflow of wholesome, [which is] a cause (or nutriment) for comfort.
Bh. Bodhi notes: "The correct derivation, however, as PED notes, is from Skt saṁran̄janı̄ya, "causing delight."
"These six delightful practices, monks, creating affection and respect, lead to coherence, harmony, concord and unity."
as bahubbīhi, qualifying dhammā
as bahubbīhi
In the cp. amatogadha, Cone (cf. s.v.) takes ogadha as a noun with the sense "(m.) plunging into, immersion;"
Alt.: "All things have mindfulness as (their) controlling influence; all things have understanding as (their) highest; all things have liberation as their essence; all things have (their) immersion in the deathless; all things have extinguishment as (their) conclusion."
Can be simply a regular sandhi of sukhassa+āhāro
- MN10.3
samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati.
| samudayadhammānupassī | adj | masc.nom.sg | seeing the arising of phenomena; (or) contemplating the nature of arising | dutiyā tappurisa |
| #samudaya | noun | masc | source; arising; origin | √i･1 a (come, go) |
| #dhamma | noun | masc | phenomena | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #anupassī | adj | - | looking (at); observing; following | √dis･1 a (see) |
| vā | ind | conj | or | |
| kāyasmiṃ | noun | masc.loc.sg | in the body (or) in regard to the body |
√ci･5 nā (gather, accumulate) |
| viharati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he lives, remains | √har･1 a (live) |
| vayadhammānupassī | adj | masc.nom.sg | seeing the disappearance of phenomena; (or) contemplating the nature of disappearance | |
| #vaya | noun | masc | disintegration; decay; disappearance | |
| #dhamma | noun | masc | phenomena | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #anupassī | adj | - | looking (at); observing; following | √dis･1 a (see) |
| vā | ind | conj | or | |
| kāyasmiṃ | noun | masc.loc.sg | in the body (or) in regard to the body |
√ci･5 nā (gather, accumulate) |
| viharati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he lives, remains, dwells | √har･1 a (live) |
| samudayavayadhammānupassī | adj | masc.nom.sg | seeing the arising and disappearance of phenomena; (or) contemplating the nature of arising and disappearance | dutiyā tappurisa |
| #samudayavayadhamma | adj | masc | of the nature to appear and disappear | kammadhāraya |
| ##samudayavaya | dvandha | |||
| ###samudaya (ca) | noun | masc | rising, origin | √i･1 a (come, go) |
| ###vaya (ca) | noun | masc | decay | √i･1 a (come, go) |
| ##dhamma | noun | masc | phenomena | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #anupassī | adj | - | looking (at); observing; following | √dis･1 a (see) |
| vā | ind | conj | or | |
| kāyasmiṃ | noun | masc.loc.sg | in the body (or) in regard to the body |
√ci･5 nā (gather, accumulate) |
| viharati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he lives, remains | √har･1 a (live) |
He remains in the body observing arising phenomena, he remains in the body observing disappearing phenomena, he remains in the body observing arising and disappearing phenomena.
(or)
He remains observing in the body arising phenomena, he remains observing in the body disappearing phenomena, he remains observing in the body arising and disappearing phenomena.
samudayadhamma \< samudaya + dhamma (kammadhāraya)
samudayadhammānupassī \< samudayadhamme + anupassī (dutiyā tappurisa)
vayadhamma \< vaya + dhamma (kammadhāraya)
vayadhammānupassī \< vayadhamme + anupassī (dutiyā tappurisa)
samudayavaya \< samudaya ca vaya ca (dvanda)
samudayavayadhamma \< samudayavaya + dhamma (kammadhāraya)
samudayavayadhammānupassī \< samudayavayadhamme + anupassī (dutiyā tappurisa)
- MN33
idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne na labhati atthavedaṃ, na labhati dhammavedaṃ, na labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ.
| idha | ind | adv | here | |
| bhikkhave | noun | masc.voc.pl | monks | √bhikkh･1 a (beg) |
| bhikkhu | noun | masc.nom.sg | a monk | √bhikkh･1 a (beg) |
| tathāgatappavedite | adj | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when declared by the Buddha | |
| #tathāgatena | noun | masc | (by) Realised One; Buddha | |
| #pavedita | pp | - | declared | √vid･1 *e (know) |
| dhammavinaye | noun | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when doctrine and discipline | dvanda |
| #dhamma (ca) | noun | masc | (in) doctrine, teaching | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #vinaya (ca) | noun | masc | (in) discipline, training | √nī･1 a (lead, carry) |
| desiyamāne | prp | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when being preached | √dis･1 *e + iya (point out, explain) |
| na | ind | neg | not | |
| labhati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he gets | √labh･1 a (get) |
| atthavedaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | inspiration from the meaning | |
| #atthasmā | noun | masc.abl.sg | (from) the meaning | √ar･1 a (move, attain) |
| #veda | noun | masc | feeling, emotion, inspiration | √vid･1 a (know) |
| na | ind | neg | not | |
| labhati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he gets | √labh･1 a (get) |
| dhammavedaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | inspiration from the teaching | |
| #dhammasmā | noun | masc.abl.sg | (from) the teaching | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #veda | noun | masc | feeling, emotion, inspiration | √vid･1 a (know) |
| na | ind | neg | not | |
| labhati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he gets | √labh･1 a (get) |
| dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ | adj | nt.acc.sg | connected with the teaching | |
| #dhamma | noun | masc | (with) the teaching | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #upasaṃhita | pp | - | connected, accompanied | √dhā･1 a (place, support) |
| pāmojjaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | joy; happiness; gladness | √mud･1 a (be soft, happy) |
Monks, in this case, when the doctrine and discipline declared by the Buddha is being preached, monk does not get inspiration from the meaning, he does not get inspiration from the teaching, he does not get the happiness connected with the teaching.
tathāgatappavedita \< tathāgatena + pavedita (tatiyā tappurisa)
dhammavinaya \< dhamma ca vinaya ca (dvanda)
atthaveda \< atthā + veda (pañcamī tappurisa)
dhammaveda \< dhammā + veda (pañcamī tappurisa)
dhammūpasaṃhita \< dhammena + upasaṃhita (tatiyā tappurisa)
- SN20.7
ye te suttantā tathāgatabhāsitā gambhīrā gambhīratthā lokuttarā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā tesu bhaññamānesu na sussūsanti.
| ye | pron | masc.nom.pl | whichever | |
| te | pron | masc.nom.pl | those | |
| suttantā | noun | masc.nom.pl | discourses | chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #suttassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of discourse | |
| #antā | noun | masc.nom.pl | side | |
| tathāgatabhāsitā | adj | masc.nom.pl | preached by the Buddha | |
| #tathāgatena | noun | masc | (by) Realised One; Buddha | |
| #bhāsita | pp | - | preached | √bhās･1 a (speak) |
| gambhīrā | adj | masc.nom.pl | deep, profound | |
| gambhīratthā | adj | masc.nom.pl | with deep meaning; profound in implication; whose meaning is profound | |
| #gambhīra | adj | - | profound | |
| #atthā | noun | masc.nom.pl | meaning | √ar･1 a (move, attain) |
| lokuttarā | adj | masc.nom.pl | transcendental | |
| #loka | noun | masc | world | √lok･8 *e (look) |
| #uttara | adj | - | beyond | √tar･1 a (cross) |
| suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā | adj | masc.nom.pl | concerning emptiness | |
| #suññatāya | noun | fem.instr.sg | (with) emptiness, non-self | |
| #paṭisaṃyutta | pp | - | connected, concerned | √yuj･2 ṃa (yoke, join) |
| tesu | pron | masc.loc.pl (loc abs) | when they | |
| bhaññamānesu | pprp | masc.loc.pl (loc abs) | when are being spoken | √bhaṇ･1 ya (talk, speak) |
| na | ind | neg | not | |
| sussūsanti | verb | pr.3rd.pl | they wish to listen (desidat. verb) | √su･4 sa (hear) |
There are those discourses preached by the Such Become One that are deep, with profound meaning, world transcending, concerned with emptiness. When they are being preached, they do not wish to listen.
tathāgatabhāsita \< tathāgatena + bhāsita (tatiyā tappurisa)
gambhīrattha \< gambhīra + attha (kammadhāraya) > bahubbīhi
lokuttara \< loke + uttara (sattamī tappurisa)
suññatāpaṭisaṃyutta \< suññatāya + paṭisaṃyutta (tatiyā tappurisa)
- AN3.125
imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne sahassī lokadhātu akampitthāti.
| imasmiñca | - | - | and when this | |
| #imasmiṃ | pron | nt.loc.sg (loc abs) | when this | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| pana | ind | - | now | |
| veyyākaraṇasmiṃ | noun | nt.loc.sg (loc abs) | when explanation | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| bhaññamāne | prp | nt.loc.sg (loc abs) | when being spoken | √bhaṇ･1 ya (talk, speak) |
√bhaṇ (to speak) + ya + māna
| sahassī | adj | fem.nom.sg | having one thousand | |
| lokadhātu | noun | fem.nom.sg | world system | |
| akampitthāti | sandhi | it shook itself" | ||
| #akampittha | verb | aor.rflx.3rd.sg | it shook itself | √kamp･1 a (shake, tremble) |
| #iti | ind | - | "" |
"And when this explanation was being spoken, the one-thousand-world system shook."
lokadhātu > loka + dhātu (kammadhāraya)
- AN5.157
dussīlo, bhikkhave, sīlakathāya kacchamānāya abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti.
| dussīlo | adj | masc.nom.sg | immoral person | √sīl×1 a (conduct oneself) |
| bhikkhave | noun | masc.voc.pl | monks | √bhikkh･1 a (beg) |
| sīlakathāya | noun | fem.gen.sg (gen abs) | when talk about morality | chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #sīlassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of ethical conduct; virtue | |
| #kathāya | noun | frm.gen.sg (gen abs) |
when talk; speech; conversation | |
| kacchamānāya | pprp | fem.gen.sg (gen abs) | when is being spoken | √kath･8 ya (speak, narrate) |
| abhisajjati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he curses | √saj･3 ya (stick, cling) |
| kuppati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he gets angry | √kup･3 ya (shake, be angry) |
| byāpajjati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he is repelled (by) | √pad･3 ya (go, step) |
| patitthīyati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he is resistant, obstinate | √thī･1 ya (be dense, compact) |
| kopañca | - | - | and anger | |
| #kopaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | anger | √kup･3 ya (shake, be angry) |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| dosañca | - | - | and ill will, hatred | |
| #dosaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | ill will, hatred | √dus･3 ya (hate, dislike) |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| appaccayañca | - | - | and outrage | |
| #appaccayaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | outrage, indignation | √i･1 a (come, go) |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| pātukaroti | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he displays, manifests |
When talk about morality is being spoken, an immoral person curses, gets angry is repelled and is obstinate; he displays anger, ill will and outrage.
dussīla \< du + sīla (kammadhāraya)
sīlakathā \< sīlaṃ + kathā (dutiyā tappurisa)
- AN6.62
seyyathāpi vā panānanda, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ sūriye uggacchante, jāneyyāsi tvaṃ, ānanda, andhakāro antaradhāyissati, āloko pātubhavissatī"ti?
| seyyathāpi | ind | - | just like | |
| vā | ind | conj | or | |
| panānanda | - | - | and Ananda | |
| #pana | ind | - | and, what's more | |
| #ānanda | noun | masc.voc.sg | Ananda | √nand･1 a (delight, enjoy) |
| rattiyā | noun | fem.gen.sg | of the night | |
| paccūsasamayaṃ | ind | adv | at dawn time | |
| #paccūsa | adj | - | dawn | |
| #samayaṃ | noun | m | time | √i･1 a (come, go) |
| sūriye | noun | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when the sun | √sur･1 a (shine, be supreme) |
| uggacchante | prp | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when rising | √gam･1 a (go) |
| jāneyyāsi | verb | opt.2nd.sg | you could know | √ñā･5 nā (know) |
| tvaṃ | pron | 2nd.nom.sg | you | |
| ānanda | noun | masc.voc.sg | Ananda | √nand･1 a (delight, enjoy) |
| andhakāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | darkness, lit. making blind | |
| #andhaṃ | adj | - | blind | |
| #kāra | adj | - | doing, making | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| antaradhāyissati | verb | fut.3rd.sg | it will disappear | |
| āloko | noun | masc.nom.sg | light | √lok･8 *e (look) |
| pātubhavissatī"ti | sandhi | "...it will appear" | ||
| #pātubhavissati | verb | fut.3rd.sg | it will appear | |
| #iti | ind | - | "" |
Just like Ananda, in the early dawn time of night, when the sun is rising, you would know, Ananda, "Darkness will disappear (and) light will appear."
paccūsasamaya \< paccūsa + samaya (kammadhāraya)
andhakāra \< andhaṃ + kāra (dutiyā tappurisa)
- UD45
tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā, nikkhante pacchime yāme, uddhaste aruṇe, nandimukhiyā rattiyā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca.
| tatiyampi | - | - | just for the third time | |
| #tatiyaṃ | ind | adv | for the third time | |
| #api | ind | - | just | |
| kho | ind | - | indeed | |
| āyasmā | noun | masc.nom.sg | venerable | |
| ānando | noun | masc.nom.sg | Ananda | √nand･1 a (delight, enjoy) |
| abhikkantāya | pp (adj) | fem.loc.sg (loc abs) | progressing; moving on; advanced, passed | √kam･1 a (go) |
| rattiyā | noun | fem.loc.sg (loc abs) | when night | |
| nikkhante | pp | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when elapsed; passed; finished; over | √kam･1 a (go) |
| pacchime | adj | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | last, final | |
| yāme | noun | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | watch, part of the night | √yam･1 a (control, strive, end) |
| uddhaste | pp | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when arisen | √dhaṃs･1 a (fall down, destroy) |
| aruṇe | noun | masc.loc.sg (loc abs) | when dawn | |
| nandimukhiyā | adj | fem.loc.sg (loc abs) | when happy faced; bright faced; with a cheerful expression | |
| #nandi | fem | pleasure; enjoyment; relish; delight | ||
| #mukhiyā | adj | fem.loc.sg (loc abs) | with a face; having a mouth | |
| rattiyā | noun | fem.loc.sg (loc abs) | of the night | |
| uṭṭhāyāsanā | - | - | arising from (his) seat | |
| #uṭṭhāya | ind | abs | having arisen, having stood up | √ṭhā･1 a (stand) |
| #āsanā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from (his) seat | √ās･1 a (sit) |
| ekaṃsaṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | on one shoulder | |
| #eka | adj | - | one | |
| #aṃsa | noun | m | shoulder | √aṃs×8 *e (divide, distribute) |
| uttarāsaṅgaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | outer robe | |
| #uttara | adj | - | upper | |
| #āsaṅga | nounn | m | robe, garment | √sañj･1 a (clasp, embrace) |
| karitvā | verb | abs | having made | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| yena | ind | adv | where | |
| bhagavā | noun | masc.nom.sg | Blessed One | √bhaj･1 a (divide, distribute) |
| tenañjaliṃ | - | - | there palms together | |
| #tena | ind | adv | there | |
| #añjaliṃ | noun | fem.acc.sg | palms together | √añj×1 a (pay respect) |
| paṇāmetvā | verb | abs | having stretched out | √nam･1 *e (bend) |
| bhagavantaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | to the Blessed One | √bhaj･1 a (divide, distribute) |
| etadavoca | - | - | he said this | |
| #etad | noun | nt.acc.sg | this | |
| #avoca | verb | aor.3rd.sg | he said | √vac･1 a (say, speak) |
And then for the third time, when the night had progressed, when the final watch had passed, when dawn had risen and the night had a cheerful face, Venerable Ananda rose from his seat, adjusted his robe on one shoulder, stretched out his palms together towards the Blessed One, and said this to the Blessed One
nandimukhī > nandi + mukhī (kammadhāraya)
uttarāsaṅga > uttara + āsaṅga (kammadhāraya)
Class 19 Extra Examples¶
- SN1.13
sāvatthinidānaṃ. ekam'antaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
| sāvatthinidānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | [this] took place at Sāvatthi; lit. Sāvatthi is source | kammadhāraya |
| #sāvatthī [eva] | noun | fem. | Sāvatthi [just] | |
| #nidānaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | background story; narrative setting | √dā･3 ya (tie, bind) |
| ekam'antaṃ | ind | adv | to one side | abyayībhāva |
| #ekaṃ | card | masc.acc.sg | to one | |
| #antaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | to…side | |
| ṭhitā | pp | fem.nom.sg | standing; lit. stood | √ṭhā･1 a (stand) |
| kho | ind | indeed; then | ||
| sā | pron | fem.nom.sg | that | |
| devatā | noun | fem.nom.sg | deity | √div･3 ya (shine) |
| bhagavato | noun | masc.gen.sg | of the Blessed One | √bhaj･1 a (divide) |
| santike | nt | nt.loc.sg | in the vicinity of; in the presence of | |
| imaṃ | pron | fem.acc.sg | this | |
| gāthaṃ | noun | fem.acc.sg | verse | √gā･3 ya (sing) |
| abhāsi | verb | aor.3rd.sg | spoke | a√bhā･1 a (shine, speak) |
[This] took place at Sāvatthi9. That deity stood to one side in the presence of the Blessed One, [and] then spoke this verse.
- MN30
akuppā cetovimutti - etad'attham'idaṃ, brāhmaṇa, brahmacariyaṃ
| akuppā | adj | fem.nom.sg | unshakable | kammadhāraya |
| #na | prefix | not | ||
| #kuppā | adj | fem.nom.sg | shakeable, lit. to be shaken | √kup･3 ya (shake) |
| cetovimutti | noun | fem.nom.sg | mental liberation; emancipation of heart | kammadhāraya or chaṭṭhī tappurisa |
| #ceto (or) #cetaso |
noun (as adj) | - masc.gen.sg. |
mind of mind |
√cit･8 *e (think, intend) |
| #vimutti | noun | fem.nom.sg | liberation; emancipation | √muc･2 ṃa (release, free) |
| etad'attham'idaṃ | sandhi | this is that goal | ||
| #etadatthaṃ | noun (as adj) | nt.nom.sg | (with) that [as] purpose | kammadhāraya > bahubbīhi |
| ##etad [iti] | pron | nt.nom.sg | this | |
| ##atthaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | purpose, goal | |
| #idaṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | this | |
| brāhmaṇa | noun | masc.voc.sg | O brahmin! | √brah×1 a (increase) |
| brahmacariyaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | spiritual path; holy life | kammadhāraya |
| #brahma | adj | nt. | holy | √brah×1 a (increase) |
| #cariyaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | conduct; way of behaving | √car･1 a (act, behave) |
Unshakable mental liberation, brahmin, - this holy life [has] that as a goal10.
- MN70
kīva dūr'ev'ime, bhikkhave, moghapurisā apakkantā imamhā dhammavinayā.
| kīva | ind | interr | how far? | |
| dūr'ev'ime | sandhi | only these far away | ||
| #dūrā | adj | masc.nom.pl | far away | |
| #eva | ind | emph | only; just | |
| #ime | pron | masc.nom.pl | these | |
| bhikkhave | noun | masc.voc.pl | monks | √bhikkh･1 a (beg) |
| moghapurisā | noun | masc.nom.pl | foolish men; worthless men | kammadhāraya |
| #mogha | adj | masc. | foolish; worthless | √muh･3 ya (be confused) |
| #purisā | noun | masc.nom.pl | men; persons | |
| apakkantā | pp | masc.nom.pl | [who] have departed from | apa√kam･1 a (go) |
| imamhā | pron | masc.abl.sg | from this | |
| dhammavinayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from the doctrine and discipline | dvanda |
| #dhamma [ca] | noun | masc. | the teaching; doctrine [and] | √dhar･1 a (hold, carry, endure) |
| #vinayā [ca] | noun | masc.abl.sg | from the training; discipline [and] | √nī･1 a (lead, carry) |
Monks, just how far are these foolish men who have departed from this doctrine and discipline?
- VIN1.1.2
ye te bhikkhū app'icchā santuṭṭhā lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti
| ye | pron | masc.nom.pl | who | |
| te | pron | masc.nom.pl | those | |
| bhikkhū | noun | masc.nom.pl | monks | √bhikkh･1 a (beg) |
| app'icchā | adj | masc.nom.pl | with/of few wishes | kammadhāraya11 |
| #appa | adj | fem. | few | |
| #icchā | noun | fem.nom.pl | wishes | √is･1 a (wish for) |
| santuṭṭhā | pp | masc.nom.pl | satisfied; content | √tus･3 ya (be content) |
| lajjino | adj | masc.nom.pl | conscientious | √lajj･1 a (be ashamed) |
| kukkuccakā | adj | masc.nom.pl | principled; scrupulous | √kar･7 o (do, make) |
| sikkhākāmā | adj | masc.nom.pl | desiring training | catutthī tappurisa12 |
| #sikkhāya | noun | fem.dat.sg | for training | √sikkh･1 a (learn, train) |
| #kāmā | adj | masc.nom.pl | desiring | √kam･8 *e (desire) |
| te | pron | masc.nom.pl | they | |
| ujjhāyanti | verb | pr.3rd.sg | find fault | √jhā･3 ya (think, meditate) |
| khiyyanti | verb | pr.3rd.sg | criticise; bring down | √khī･1 a ( exhaust) |
| vipācenti | verb | pr.3rd.sg caus |
circulate; discuss widely | √vac･1 *e (say, speak) |
Those monks who are of few wishes, content, conscientious, scrupulous, [and] desiring training, find fault, criticise and discuss widely [about Venerable Dhaniya]. (source text uses past tense)13
- DN22.18
vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
| vitakkavicārānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | thoughts examinations | dvanda |
| #vitakkā [ca] | noun | masc. | thoughts [and] | √takk･8 *e (think) |
| #vicārānaṃ [ca] | noun | masc.gen.pl | of examinations [and] | √car･1 *e (move, walk) |
| vūpasamā | noun | masc.abl.sg (+gen) | from the subsiding (of); settling (of) | √sam･3 ya (be calm, tired) |
| ajjhattaṃ | ind | adv | internally | abyayībhāva |
| #adhi | prefix | towards | ||
| #attaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | oneself | |
| sampasādanaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | calm confidence; settled assurance | √sad･1 a (sink, sit, settle) |
| cetaso | noun | masc.gen.sg | of the mind | √cit･8 *e (think, intend) |
| ekodibhāvaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | singleness; unification | kammadhāraya |
| #ekodi | adj | masc | unified; single | |
| #bhāvaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | state; condition | √bhū･1 a (be, become) |
| avitakkaṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | free from thinking | kammadhāraya |
| #na | prefix | not | ||
| #vitakkaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | thinking | √takk･8 *e (think) |
| avicāraṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | not examining | kammadhāraya |
| #na | ind | neg | not | |
| #vicāraṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | examining | √car･1 *e (move, walk) |
| samādhijaṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | produced by stability of mind | pañcamī tappurisa |
| #samādhinā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from a collected mind | √dhā･1 *e (place, support) |
| #jaṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg (+abl) | born | √jan･3 ya (be born, produce) |
| pītisukhaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | joy and happiness | dvanda |
| #pīti [ca] | noun | fem.acc.sg | joy; delight [and] | √pī･5 nā (love, please) |
| #sukhaṃ [ca] | noun | nt.acc.sg | happiness; pleasure [and] | √sukh･1 a (be comfortable) |
| dutiyaṃ | ordin | nt.acc.sg | second | |
| jhānaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | state of deep meditative calm | √jhā･3 ya (think, meditate) |
| upasampajja | verb | ger | reaching; attaining | √pad･3 ya (go, step) |
| viharati | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he dwells; he abides | √har･1 a (live) |
With the settling of thoughts and examinations, [by gaining] settled assurance internally and singleness of mind, and having entered the second state of deep meditative calm, [which is ] free from thinking, free from examining, [and with] joy and happiness born from being collected, he dwells.
Alt.: "The preamble is (that of) Sāvatthi."
"for the sake of this is this holy life"
Bahubbīhi based on kammadhāraya: "Whose wishes are few, who have few wishes." Te bhikkhū yesaṁ icchā appā hontīti bhikkhū appicchā.
Bh. Bodhi puts it nicely: "The bahubbīhi is not a different kind of compound but a compound of any of the preceding types used as an adjective to describe a noun external to itself."
bahubbīhi
The historical present can be translated in the past tense.
- MN18
yaṃ papañceti tatonidānaṃ purisaṃ papañcasaññāsaṅkhā samudācaranti atītānāgatapaccuppannesu cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu.
| yaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | whatever | |
| papañceti | verb | pr.3rd.sg | he proliferates about, thinks a lot | √pañc･8 *e (expand, spread) |
| tatonidānaṃ | ind | adv | on account of that, because of that | |
| #tato | pron | masc.abl.sg | from that | |
| #nidāna | noun | nt | source; origin; foundation; cause; reason | √dā･3 ya (tie, bind) |
| purisaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | a man | |
| papañcasaññāsaṅkhā | noun | fem.nom.pl | proliferation of opinions, concepts and constructs; (or) classification of diverse perceptions | |
| #papañca | noun | masc | proliferation | √pañc･8 *e (expand, spread) |
| #saññā | noun | ffem | perceptions | √ñā･5 nā (know) |
| #saṅkhā | noun | ffem | definition; classification; concept; category | √khā･1 a (tell, announce) |
| samudācaranti | verb | pr.3rd.pl | they overwhelm, assail | √car･1 a (act, behave) |
| atītānāgatapaccuppannesu | adj | nt.loc.pl | among past future and present | |
| #atīta | adj | - | past | √i･1 a (come, go) |
| #anāgata | adj | - | future | √gam･1 a (go) |
| #paccuppanna | adj | - | present | √pad･3 ya (go, step) |
| cakkhuviññeyyesu | adj | nt.loc.pl | regarding what is perceivable by the eye | |
| #cakkhu | noun | nt | (by) the eye | √cakkh･1 a (see) |
| #viññeyya | ptp | - | perceivable, could be perceived | √ñā･5 nā (know) |
| rūpesu | noun | nt.loc.pl | among forms | √rūp･8 *e (form, produce) |
Whatever he proliferates about, because of that proliferations, perceptions, and concepts regarding forms perceivable by the eye in the past, future, and present overwhelm a man
tatonidānaṃ \< tato + nidānaṃ (avyāyibhāva)
saññāsaṅkhā \< saññā ca saṅkhā ca (dvanda)
papañcasaññāsaṅkhā \< papañca + saññāsaṅkhā (kammadhāraya)
papañcasaññā \< papañca + saññā (kammadhāraya)
papañcasaññāsaṅkhā \< papañcasaññāya + saṅkhā (chaṭṭhī tappurisa)
atītānāgatapaccuppanna \< atīta ca anāgata ca paccuppanna ca (dvanda)
cakkhuviññeyya \< cakkhunā + viññeyya (tatiyā tappurisa)