Niggahīta Sandhi
Niggahīta Sandhi¶
Niggahīta sandhi takes place when a word ending in ṃ is followed by a word beginning with a vowel or a consonant.
Possibility #1¶
When ṃ is followed by a consonant, it may remain unchanged.
e.g. evaṃ vutte > evaṃ vutte
In Kaccāyana this is called (30) aṃ byañjane niggahitaṃ.
ṃ + consonant
| taṃ | kissa hetu | why is that? | |
| ayaṃ | kho | this indeed | |
| parikkhayaṃ | gacchanti | they get destroyed | |
| gandhaṃ | ghāyitvā | having smelled a scent | |
| cārikaṃ | caramāno | wandering on tour | |
| sīsaṃ | chindanti | they cut off the head | |
| evaṃ | jānāti | knows thus | |
| paṭhamaṃ | jhānaṃ | the first jhāna | |
| dutiyaṃ | ñāṇaṃ | the second knowledge | |
| ekamantaṃ | ṭhito | standing to one side | |
| kāyasmiṃ | ḍāho | burning in the body | |
| yaṃ | taṃ | whatever that | |
| catutthasmiṃ | thane | in the fourth place | |
| apāyaṃ | duggatiṃ | hell, a bad destination | |
| imaṃ | dhammaṃ | this teaching | |
| ekamantaṃ | nisīdi | sat down on one side | |
| anekavihitaṃ | pubbenivāsaṃ | various kinds of past lives | |
| disaṃ | pharitvā | pervading the directions | |
| evaṃ | bahulīkatā | often practiced in this way | |
| cittaṃ | bhāveti | develops the mind | |
| alaṃ | me | it is suitable for | |
| yathābālaṃ | yathāmūḷhaṃ | so stupidly, so foolishly! | |
| sabbaṃ | rūpaṃ | all form | |
| ayaṃ | loko | this world | |
| ayaṃ | vuccati | this is called | |
| ekaṃ | samayaṃ | one time | |
| pahānaṃ | hoti | is abandoned | |
| saṃ | khitta | saṃkhitta | |
| saṃ | sandati | saṃsandati | |
| evaṃ | diṭṭhī | evaṃdiṭṭhī |
Why make a rule if it remains unchanged?