Lessons Index
Content (IPC)¶
Class 16¶
- Sandhi
- Vowel Sandhi (sara-sandhi)
- Elision of a Vowel
- Possibility #2 — Elision of the Following Vowel
- Lengthening of a Vowel
- Possibility #4 — Lengthening of the Preceding Vowel
- Vowel Changes
- Possibility #6 — i & e Become y
- Possibility #7 — u & o Become v
- Consonant Insertions
- Possibility #9 — e Becomes ri
- Vowel Sandhi Reference Table
Class 17¶
- Pāli Alphabet Analysis
- Consonant Sandhi (vyañjana-sandhi)
- Possibility #1 — Consonant Reduplication
- Possibility #2 — Vowel Shortening + Reduplication
- Possibility #3 — Metri Causa Lengthening & Shortening
- Possibility #4 — so & eso Become sa & esa
- Possibility #5 — ti Becomes cc
- Niggahīta Sandhi
- Possibility #2 — ṃ Becomes the Group Nasal
- Possibility #3 — ṃ + l Becomes ll
- Possibility #4 — ṃ Becomes ññ / ñ Before e & h
- Possibility #5 — ṃ + y Becomes ññ
- Possibility #6 — ṃ Becomes m or d Before Vowels
- Possibility #7 — ṃ Elided Before Vowels
- Possibility #8 — ṃ Elided Before Consonants
- Possibility #9 — Vowel Elided After ṃ
- Possibility #10 — ṃ Insertion
- Practice
Class 18¶
- Phonetic Changes
- Phonetic changes of -y-
- Phonetic changes of -t-
- Phonetic changes of -n-
- Phonetic changes of -s-
- Assimilation Summary
- Mixed Sandhi (vomissaka-sandhi)
- Another consonant assimilation
- Practice
- Some Irregular Masculine Nouns
- Practice
Class 19¶
- Compounds (samāsa)
- Kammadhāraya or Adjectival Compounds
- Digu-samāsa or Numerical Compounds
- Tappurisa-samāsa or Case Compounds
- Dvanda Samāsa or Copulative Compounds
- General “Rules” for Compounds
- Practice
Class 20¶
- Abyayībhāva-samāsa or Adverbial Compounds
- Bahubbīhi-samāsa or Attributive Compounds
- Missaka-samāsa or Complex Compounds
- Changes Of Certain Words In Compounds
- Practice
Class 21¶
- Three Voices: Active, Reflexive and Passive
- Passive Reflexive
- Present Tense (vattamānā)
- Imperative (pañcamī)
- Optative (sattamī)
- Perfect Past Tense (parokkhā)
- Imperfect Past Tense (hiyyattanī)
- Aorist (ajjatanī)
- Summary of Parassapada & Attanopada Conjugations
Class 22¶
Class 23¶
- Prefixes (upasagga)
- ā-
- ati- acc-
- adhi- ajjh-
- anu-
- apa-
- api- pi- (rare)
- abhi- abbh-
- ava- o-
- ud-
- upa-
- ni-
- nī-
- pa- (sk pra)
- pati- paṭi- (sk prati)
- parā- (quite rare)
- pari- pali-
- vi-
- saṃ- sā- (sk sam)
- Mixed Prefixes
- Some Adverbs (nipāta) used as Prefixes
- dur, su, nir & etc.
Class 24¶
- Passive Verbs
- Irregular Passive Bases
- Causative Verbs
- Irregular Causative Bases
- Causative Passive Verbs
- Active Past Participle
Class 25¶
Class 26¶
- More Secondary Derivatives
- Numerical (saṅkhyātaddhita)
- State of Being (bhāvataddhita)
- Indeclinable (abyayataddhita)