Passive Reflexive

Passive Reflexive

Today we are going to learn another way to form passive verbs, which is exactly the same, except with attanopada endings.

root + passive sign > passive base

√dhā + iya > dhiya (pass)

prefixes + passive base + attanopada verbal endings

saṃ + ā + dhiya + te > samādhiyate

In theory passive voice with an attanopada verbal ending can be translated into English with a reflexive pronoun.

cittaṃ samādhiyate – the mind becomes settled by itself.

but practically the meaning is the same.

cittaṃ samādhiyate – the mind becomes settled.

cittaṃ samādhiyati – the mind becomes settled.

as usual with a few exceptions

In Sanskrit, passive and intransitive verbs must take the attanopada endings e.g.

“is said to be; is called”:

Pāli - vuccati

Sanskrit - vācyate

In Pāli this is more flexible and either parassapada or attanopada verbal ending can be used.

In summary, in Pāli you can find the passive voice with parassapada and attanopada endings; the meaning is the same.

Please explain how the active voice gets formed.

Please explain how the reflexive voice gets formed.

Please explain how the passive voice gets formed.

What is the meaning of Pāli words parassapada and attanopada.