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dur, su, nir & etc.

dur, su, nir & etc.

Three otherwise common prefixes, dur- su- nir- as well as sa- kā- kad- ku- are not used with verbs, only with nouns and adjectives

dur-

bad, difficult, unwholesome, negative, poor, ill, mean

       
√man to think domanassa mental suffering
√vac to speak dubbacana harsh words, abuse
√bal to be strong dubbala frail, weak, feeble
√var to cover dubbaṇṇa ugly, discolored
√bhar to support dubbhara difficult to support
√bhikkh to beg dubbhikkha famine
√car to act duccarita misconduct
√chad to hide ducchanna badly thatched
√dam to tame duddama hard to tame
√dis to see duddasa difficult to see
√gam to go duggati hell, bad place

su-

good, well, thoroughly, easily, auspiciously, abundance

       
√man to think somanassa happiness, good mind
√bhar to support subhara easy to support
√bhās to speak subhāsita well spoken
√bhū to be subhāvita fully developed
√car to act sucarita good conduct
√dam to tame sudanta well tamed
√dis to see sudiṭṭha well-seen

nir-

not, without, no, negative

       
√van to desire nibbana without craving
√chā to be hungry nicchāta satisfied, not hungry
√dar to fear niddara carefree, fearless
√ghus to shout nigghosa silent
√kaṅkh to doubt nikkaṅkha doubtless, confident
√mal to stain nimmala spotless
√pī to love nippītika without delight

kā- kad- ku

bad, negative, small, mean

       
lavaṇa kālavaṇa18 pinch of salt
purisa kāpurisa evil man
kad ariya kadariya miserly, stingy
kad anna kadanna rotten food
kad asana kadasana19 little food
ku √sad + ya kosajja laziness, inactivity
ku √kar + ya kukkucca misbehaviour, remorse
ku magga kummagga wrong road, bad way
ku nadī kunnadī small stream
ku sobbha kusobbha small pool


Not a textual example


Not a textual example

sa-

with, having, affected with

       
bhaya fear sabhaya dangerous
kaṇṭaka thorn sakaṇṭaka problematic; with thorns
bala strength sabala with strength; having power
dukkha pain sadukkha afflicted; with pain