Active Past Participle
Active Past Participle¶
There is a rare verbal form that we have not discussed yet. It is called the Active Past Participle or app.
The most common example is the word dassāvī.
If the present tense verb is translated as he sees (passati), and the passive past participle is translated as seen (diṭṭha), how would you translate the meaning of this active past participle?
dassāvī
has seen / had seen / who has seen
Like the passive past participle, they occur mostly as adjectives.
sīlavā … aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī
virtuous person … who has seen the danger in the smallest faults
katamo ca, bhikkhave, pariññātāvī puggalo?
Monks, who is the person who has completely understood?
How To Construct Active Past Participle¶
root + āvī > app
root + tāvī > app
base + āvī > app
| √ñā | ājānāti | aññātāvī | has understood |
| √ñā | parijānāti | pariññātāvī | has perfectly understood |
| √dis | passati | dassāvī | has seen |
| √bhuj | bhuñjati | bhuttāvī | has eaten |
| √ji | vijināti | vijitāvī | has conquered |
| √i | abhisameti | abhisametāvī | has realized |
How to Decline Active Past Participle¶
Active Past Participles are declined in all three genders. They are very regular. The masculine declension is like pakkhī, in feminine like nadī and the neuter like aṭṭhi
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom | dassāvī | dassāvino | dassāvinī | dassāviniyo | dassāvi dassāviṃ |
dassāvīni dassāvī |
| acc | dassāviṃ dassāvinaṃ |
dassāvino | dassāviniṃ | dassāviniyo | dassāvi dassāviṃ |
dassāvīni dassāvī |
| instr | dassāvinā | dassāvihi dassāvīhi |
dassāviniyā | dassāvinīhi | dassāvinā | dassāvihi dassāvīhi |
| dat | dassāvino | dassāvinaṃ dassāvīnaṃ |
dassāviniyā | dassāvinīnaṃ | dassāvino | dassāvinaṃ dassāvīnaṃ |
| abl | dassāvinā dassāvismā dassāvimhā |
dassāvihi dassāvīhi |
dassāviniyā | dassāvinīhi | dassāvinā dassāvito dassāvismā dassāvimhā |
dassāvihi dassāvīhi |
| gen | dassāvino | dassāvinaṃ dassāvīnaṃ |
dassāviniyā | dassāvinīnaṃ | dassāvino dassāvissa |
dassāvinaṃ dassāvīnaṃ |
| loc | dassāvini dassāvismiṃ dassāvimhi |
dassāvisu dassāvīsu |
dassāviniyā dassāviniyaṃ |
dassāvinīsu | dassāvismiṃ dassāvimhi |
dassāvisu dassāvīsu |
Please translate and highlight the syntax of the following:
SN3.13 doṇapākasuttaṃ
tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo doṇapākaṃ sudaṃ bhuñjati.
atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhuttāvī mahassāsī yena bhagavā tena upasaṅkami.